As the 2025-2026 flu season approaches, health experts emphasize the importance of taking precautions against the flu virus, which can have severe health implications. Dr. Pedro Piedra, a professor of molecular virology and microbiology at Baylor College of Medicine, provides essential updates on the flu vaccine and highlights key symptoms to watch for in both children and adults.
Updates to the Flu Vaccine
Each year, the flu vaccine is revised to address circulating virus strains. For the upcoming season, one component of the vaccine has been updated: the H3 antigen, which targets influenza A (H3N2). The components for influenza B and H1N1 will remain unchanged from last year. Additionally, FluMist, a nasal spray that contains a live attenuated influenza vaccine, is now available for self-administration in adults and can be administered by adults to children. This option is approved for individuals aged 2 to 49 years.
The recombinant flu vaccine, previously limited to adults aged 18 and older, has now been expanded for use in children aged 9 and older. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that children, adults, and pregnant women receive single-dose vaccines that do not contain thimerosal. According to Dr. Piedra, “Everyone aged 6 months and older is recommended to receive one of the flu vaccine types that are available.”
Recognizing Flu Symptoms
Flu symptoms can vary significantly between young children and older individuals. Dr. Piedra notes that in children under 5 years old, distinguishing flu symptoms from those of other respiratory viruses can be challenging. For older children and adults, flu typically presents with a sudden onset of illness characterized by general malaise. “This can last several days, and you just don’t feel well at all. When you start to recover, it can take a while before you start feeling like yourself,” said Dr. Piedra.
Certain groups are at heightened risk of experiencing severe illness from the flu. Dr. Piedra emphasizes that flu vaccinations are safe and have been administered to millions over the years, making them a reliable means of maintaining public health. “Getting influenza is not fun, and for some individuals, it’s deadly,” he added.
Flu can affect more than just the lungs; it can also impact other organ systems, including the brain, heart, muscles, gastrointestinal tract, and kidneys. Children under 2 years old, individuals with underlying health conditions—such as heart disease, lung issues, diabetes, and obesity—and older adults aged 60 years and above are particularly vulnerable.
If you belong to one of these at-risk groups or have underlying health concerns, Dr. Piedra advises consulting your physician about antiviral prescriptions in case of infection. Early intervention strategies are crucial for managing the flu effectively.
As flu season unfolds, staying informed about vaccination options and recognizing the symptoms can help protect not only individual health but also the health of communities.
