The potential of quantum technology in life sciences has gained significant momentum, with innovators at the Karolinska Institutet (KI) leading the charge in Sweden. Researchers are exploring its application for advancements in drug development and therapies for complex diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. This initiative, part of the Swedish Quantum Life Science Centre, reflects a growing international focus on harnessing quantum mechanics to address challenges in healthcare.
Quantum technology’s first revolution laid the groundwork for modern conveniences like mobile phones and GPS. Now, a second revolution is underway, with a spotlight on life sciences. Martin Bergö, vice-president at KI, underscores the importance of this technology, stating, “We owe it to humankind to use this technology.” He emphasizes the two core challenges in life sciences: measurements and calculations, noting that quantum techniques are applicable only where they can provide solutions.
Innovative Applications in Healthcare
Quantum technology encompasses four main areas: quantum sensors, quantum simulation, quantum communication, and quantum computing. According to Ebba Carbonnier, head of the Swedish Quantum Life Science Centre, research has made remarkable strides in quantum sensors. These devices offer superior resolution in imaging, essential for advancements in medical diagnostics.
For instance, by integrating an optically pumped magnetometer (OPM) with magnetoencephalography (MEG), researchers can perform non-invasive measurements of brain activity. This technology enables the precise localization of epileptic episodes, which is critical for surgical intervention. Carbonnier explains, “The surgeon needs to know this so that they can remove the tiny area without damaging the surrounding tissue.”
Another promising area involves stroke treatment. A new apparatus is being developed that combines ultrasound with lasers and a quantum filter, enhancing real-time blockage localization during emergency procedures. Carbonnier likens this device to the ultrasound equipment used for prenatal examinations, indicating its potential to improve patient outcomes significantly.
Additionally, researchers are experimenting with the eye as a unique testing ground for diabetes treatment. By inserting insulin-producing cells into the anterior chamber of the eye, scientists aim to leverage the eye’s less aggressive immune response. This approach seeks to enhance cell function and patient treatment, utilizing a quantum microscope for better observational sensitivity.
Future Prospects and Collaborations
Looking ahead, both Bergö and Carbonnier anticipate that clinical validation for various applications—such as OPM-MEG imaging and stroke diagnostics—will emerge within the next five years. Rigorous evaluation is essential in ensuring new methods meet safety and efficacy standards. While quantum sensors currently lead in development, quantum computers are poised to play a vital role in future research, particularly in protein folding studies relevant to neurodegenerative diseases.
In terms of cancer care, quantum technology can optimize radiotherapy by calculating the best intensity and angle for radiation beams, thereby improving therapeutic efficacy while minimizing side effects. Bergö highlights the importance of optimizing clinical study designs to yield clearer results, reducing the number of patients receiving inactive placebos during trials.
On a broader scale, the European Union has recognized quantum technology as a crucial research area, allocating SEK 150 million for its development in 2027 and 2028. The Swedish government has similarly identified quantum technology as a strategic research field, reflecting a commitment to advancing this critical area of research.
Carbonnier also addresses the pressing need for enhanced data security as quantum computers become capable of breaking current encryption methods. Collaborating with various governmental agencies, she emphasizes the necessity of upgrading systems containing sensitive health data to be quantum-proof.
Despite the promise of quantum technology, challenges remain. These include the technical difficulties associated with maintaining stable environments for quantum computers and the need for interdisciplinary collaboration between physicists and medical professionals. Carbonnier notes that fostering understanding between these fields is vital for developing effective quantum applications.
Bergö stresses the importance of national cooperation in Sweden, as quantum technology demands substantial resources. Collaborative efforts extend to the Nordic countries, with KI hosting the upcoming Nordic Quantum Life Science Round Table. Carbonnier points out, “For four countries to have cooperated on quantum technologies in health and life science for the past five years is unprecedented.”
The ultimate goal of these endeavors is to enhance patient care through faster and more accurate diagnoses, leading to more tailored treatments. As Bergö concludes, KI must remain at the forefront of these developments to ensure that once established, the benefits of quantum technology extend to all patients.
