Research led by Richard Pincak from the Institute of Experimental Physics SAS proposes a groundbreaking theory suggesting that mass may arise from the geometry of hidden dimensions rather than the widely accepted Higgs boson. Published on November 10, 2025, in Nuclear Physics B, the study explores the implications of dynamic extra dimensions on fundamental forces and particle properties.
Pincak and his team delve into the concept of seven-dimensional shapes known as G2-manifolds. Traditionally perceived as static, these structures are now viewed through a new lens, evolving over time under a mechanism called the G2–Ricci flow. This evolution enables the internal geometry to change, potentially leading to stable configurations known as solitons. Pincak explains, “As in organic systems, such as the twisting of DNA or the handedness of amino acids, these extra-dimensional structures can possess torsion, a kind of intrinsic twist.”
In the context of the Standard Model of particle physics, which attributes mass to the W and Z bosons via the Higgs field, the authors propose an alternative mechanism. They suggest that mass could emerge from geometric torsion in these additional dimensions, eliminating the need for an external Higgs field. “In our picture,” Pincak states, “matter emerges from the resistance of geometry itself, not from an external field.”
This innovative theory also connects torsion to the curvature of spacetime, potentially offering insights into the positive cosmological constant that drives cosmic expansion. The researchers further speculate about the existence of a new particle they have termed the “Torstone,” which may be detectable in forthcoming experiments.
The overarching aim of this research is to extend Albert Einstein’s vision of gravity as geometry. Pincak suggests that if gravity can be understood in geometric terms, it stands to reason that all interactions might also stem from geometry. “Nature often prefers simple solutions,” he notes. “Perhaps the masses of the W and Z bosons come not from the famous Higgs field, but directly from the geometry of seven-dimensional space.”
This study has the potential to reshape the understanding of how mass is generated in the universe, challenging long-held beliefs within the field of particle physics. As research progresses, it may open new avenues for exploration into the fundamental nature of our universe.
For further details, refer to the work of Pincak et al in the article titled “Introduction of the G2-Ricci flow: Geometric implications for spontaneous symmetry breaking and gauge boson masses,” published in Nuclear Physics B, DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.116959.
