Research conducted at King’s College London suggests that daily protein and prebiotic supplements may enhance cognitive function in individuals over the age of 60. The study, published in March 2024, is the first of its kind involving twins and highlights the potential benefits of these easily accessible supplements on memory retention and brain health.
The double-blinded trial involved 36 pairs of twins, each participant over the age of 60. In this unique setup, one twin received a protein powder containing prebiotics—specifically inulin and fructooligosaccharide (FOS)—while the other was given a placebo. After a three-month period, those consuming the prebiotics scored higher on cognitive tests commonly used to gauge early signs of Alzheimer’s disease.
Prebiotics are non-digestible fibers that promote the growth of beneficial gut bacteria. The study found that the presence of Bifidobacterium, a beneficial bacterium linked to cognitive improvements, increased in participants consuming the prebiotic supplements. According to Mary Ni Lochlainn, a geriatric medicine researcher at King’s College London, “We are excited to see these changes in just 12 weeks. This holds huge promise for enhancing brain health and memory in our aging population.”
The findings contribute to a growing body of research indicating a strong connection between gut health and cognitive function. Previous studies on animals have shown that high-fiber diets can positively influence the gut microbiome, which in turn may enhance cognitive abilities. As the evidence mounts, some experts refer to the gut as the body’s “second brain.”
Despite the encouraging results regarding cognitive function, the study noted no significant improvement in muscle loss among the aging twins taking the supplements. This raises questions about the broader physical benefits of prebiotics, even though they are known to play a role in musculoskeletal maintenance.
Geriatrician Claire Steves emphasized the accessibility of these supplements: “These plant fibers, which are cheap and available over the counter, could benefit a wide group of people in these cash-strapped times. They are safe and acceptable too.”
Looking ahead, researchers intend to explore whether these cognitive benefits can be sustained over longer periods and in larger cohorts. The current study’s sample included primarily female participants, which may indicate some selection bias. However, given that women are more susceptible to Alzheimer’s disease, the findings reinforce the notion that cognitive decline is influenced by a combination of factors, not solely genetics.
The implications of this research are significant. The gut influences various bodily systems, including the immune system and central nervous system. As scientists continue to unlock the potential of the gut-brain axis, the incorporation of prebiotics and probiotics into daily diets could pave the way for innovative approaches to treating cognitive decline and other health issues.
The study was published in the reputable journal Nature Communications, marking a noteworthy advancement in the understanding of dietary influences on brain health. As research in this area evolves, it may provide valuable insights for improving quality of life in the aging population.
