Public perceptions of societal behaviour often paint a grim picture. Many individuals believe that decency and kindness have declined, citing incidents such as rampant shoplifting, public disturbances, and violence against service workers. A study published in June 2023 underscores this sentiment, revealing that people in over 60 countries feel basic civility is deteriorating. Similarly, a 2025 poll of 9,600 Americans found that 46% believed rudeness is increasing, while only 9% felt it had improved since before the pandemic.
Despite these widespread beliefs, research suggests a more nuanced reality. Investigating the accuracy of public perceptions, studies indicate significant misinterpretations regarding societal behaviour and values. For instance, a comprehensive study involving 32,000 individuals across 49 cultural groups in 2022 found that loyalty, honesty, and helpfulness consistently ranked as the highest values, contradicting claims of moral decline. In this context, the European Social Survey data, analysed by social scientist Maksim Rudnev, demonstrates that these values have remained steady from 2002 to 2023 across more than 30 European countries.
Behavioural Evidence Contradicts Perceptions
When examining actual behaviours, studies indicate that most individuals act morally. Research from 2020 analysing public conflicts captured on CCTV revealed that in 90% of instances where bystanders were present, someone intervened. This trend was observed in various countries, including the Netherlands, South Africa, and the UK. Instances of intervention during knife or terrorist attacks, although rare, highlight a willingness to assist others, often at personal risk.
Further illustrating this point, a 2019 study assessed the return rates of lost wallets in 40 countries. Results showed that wallets containing cash were significantly more likely to be returned, with an even higher probability associated with larger amounts of cash. This behaviour suggests that finders empathise with the potential loss experienced by the owner.
In another instance, a 2023 experiment involving 200 participants from seven countries demonstrated altruism when participants were given US$10,000 with minimal restrictions. They spent over $4,700 on others and donated $1,700 to charitable causes, reflecting a willingness to share resources.
Understanding the Gap Between Perception and Reality
Despite these encouraging findings, a perception of moral decline persists. Various factors contribute to this phenomenon, notably the media’s focus on negative events, which often garners more attention and engagement. Research indicates that negative news stories are more likely to be shared on social media, creating a distorted view of societal behaviour. For instance, during natural disasters like hurricanes or earthquakes, news coverage may highlight panic and cruelty, even though cooperation and support among individuals are more common.
Moreover, individuals with extreme political views are often more vocal online, further skewing public perceptions. The online discourse does not accurately represent the broader population’s values and behaviours.
It is essential to acknowledge that while a minority of individuals may engage in harmful actions, these behaviours do not reflect the average citizen’s values or actions. Misguided beliefs about societal values can lead to decreased community engagement. People who perceive others as self-serving are less likely to volunteer or participate in civic activities, which can foster a cycle of pessimism.
Research indicates that exposure to evidence showing shared values can enhance trust and optimism about society. Engaging in conversations with others, participating in community events, and seeking out positive news can help reshape perceptions and encourage a more hopeful outlook.
Ultimately, the evidence suggests that while some negative behaviours may be increasing, society’s overall moral fabric remains intact. Recognising the common values that unite us is crucial for fostering a sense of community and encouraging altruism. As Paul Hanel, Senior Lecturer at the University of Essex, highlights, the potential for societal improvement lies within our collective actions and perceptions.
