Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental condition that impacts brain functionality and development. A significant number of individuals diagnosed in childhood continue to experience symptoms into adulthood. A recent thesis by PhD student Honghui Yao from Karolinska Institutet explores the patterns of ADHD medication use, focusing on why patients discontinue their treatment and how these trends vary by age, sex, and geographical location.
Yao’s research is particularly pertinent given previous studies indicating that individuals with ADHD are at a greater risk of developing cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Her work investigates the implications of ADHD and its treatment on those who already suffer from heart-related diseases.
In examining the medical histories of individuals who experienced heart attacks, Yao noted that those with ADHD shared similar health metrics with their counterparts without the condition. However, the study revealed that individuals with ADHD were more inclined to smoke and use tobacco products, such as snus. Furthermore, they were less likely to attend follow-up appointments and to successfully quit smoking.
When analyzing patterns of medication adherence, Yao discovered that children were the least likely to stop their ADHD medication, whereas young adults showed the highest rates of discontinuation. Interestingly, many individuals who ceased their treatment eventually resumed it. When these restarts were factored into the analysis, the data indicated that around 50-60% of children and 30-40% of teenagers and adults remained on their ADHD medication after five years across most countries.
Yao’s research also examined the relationship between ADHD and adherence to antihypertensive medication. The findings suggested that individuals diagnosed with ADHD were more likely to discontinue their blood pressure medication, highlighting a potential area of concern for healthcare providers.
“My interest in this topic stems from the prevalence of ADHD and the common use of medication for its treatment,” Yao explained. “We are still uncovering its long-term health impacts, especially concerning cardiovascular and metabolic health. With emerging evidence suggesting that individuals with ADHD may face heightened risks for such issues, it is crucial to understand how both the disorder and its treatments affect long-term health outcomes, particularly for those with existing heart-related conditions.”
Yao emphasized the need for future healthcare and research initiatives to concentrate on individuals managing both ADHD and cardiovascular disease. Strengthening the evidence regarding the impacts of ADHD medications within real-world settings—encompassing their benefits, potential risks, and long-term effects—should be a priority.
Moreover, the research underscores the importance of tailoring medication choices for those with ADHD who also have heart conditions. Clinicians should carefully consider the overall health profiles and treatment needs of these patients to optimize care.
As ADHD awareness continues to grow, understanding the intricate relationship between this condition, its treatments, and associated health risks will be vital for improving patient outcomes worldwide.
