Power generation from clean energy sources saw a significant increase globally in the first half of 2025, primarily driven by advancements in China. Despite this upward trend in renewables, fossil fuel usage remained stable due to rising natural gas and coal consumption in Europe and a notable spike in coal generation in the United States.
According to data from the clean energy think tank Ember, China’s clean energy generation surged by 14% compared to the same period last year, reaching a record high from January to June. In contrast, power output from coal and natural gas in China fell by 2% each, reflecting a slight downturn in industrial activity.
As China continues to lead in renewable power installations and generation, developed economies, particularly in Europe and the United States, experienced an increase in electricity output from fossil fuels. In Europe, wind generation struggled, leading to a boost in coal and gas-powered electricity. In the United States, coal consumption in the power sector surged by 17%, marking the highest share of coal in the electricity mix since the first half of 2022.
Europe and U.S. Energy Trends
In the United States, natural gas prices were substantially higher in the first half of 2025 compared to the lows observed earlier in the year. This increase contributed to a 4% decline in power generation from gas-fired plants. Conversely, coal-fired electricity output rose by 17%, underscoring a trend toward cheaper energy sources amidst fluctuating fuel prices.
In Europe, utilities across the European Union reported a notable increase in electricity output from fossil fuels in the first half of 2025, the largest annual rise for this period since 2017. Natural gas-fired power generation jumped by 19%, reaching its highest level in three years. Coal-fired electricity output also experienced a 2% increase, the highest in two years, as compiled by Gavin Maguire from Reuters.
Wind power generation faced significant challenges, plummeting by 9%, the steepest recorded drop. This decline was largely attributed to low wind speeds, highlighting the European Union’s ongoing struggle to balance its energy mix while increasingly relying on renewable sources.
The complexities of transitioning to renewable energy sources are becoming evident, as the slump in wind power generation during the winter and early spring has directly contributed to the increased reliance on fossil fuels. This trend not only raises questions about energy policy but also illustrates the challenges that both the United States and Europe face in their pursuit of cleaner energy solutions.
