Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan are making significant strides in their nuclear energy ambitions, with both countries outlining plans to enhance their respective programs. Uzbekistan’s nuclear entity, Uzatom, announced on September 26, 2023, revisions to its initial strategy, aiming to construct larger reactors than originally proposed. Meanwhile, Kazakhstan is expressing a desire to gain full control over its nuclear fuel cycle, signaling a broader vision for its energy future.
Uzbekistan initially planned to develop six small-scale RITM-200N reactors, each generating 55 megawatts of power annually. However, the new blueprint reveals plans for two operational RITM-200N units by 2029-2030 and an additional two much larger VVER-1000 reactors, each capable of producing 1 gigawatt of power, expected to be operational in the mid-2030s. The construction of these reactors will be undertaken by Rosatom, Russia’s state nuclear energy corporation, which will also supply the necessary nuclear fuel for the facilities in the Jizzakh Region. Financial details of these agreements have not yet been disclosed.
Azim Akhmedkhadjaev, the chief of Uzatom, emphasized the commitment to integrating public feedback in the decision-making process regarding the nuclear plants. He stated, “We will not advance anywhere without public opinion,” highlighting that hearings will be held to discuss the potential social and environmental impacts of the projects. Akhmedkhadjaev affirmed that citizen engagement is crucial and that modifications to plans could occur based on public input.
In a move that suggests a cautious approach, Uzbekistan is diversifying its nuclear partnerships. On the same day as the Rosatom agreements were announced, Uzbek Deputy Foreign Minister Muzaffarbek Madrakhimov signed a memorandum of understanding with Brent Christensen, the US Undersecretary of State for Arms Control and International Security. This memorandum aims to enhance nuclear energy cooperation between Uzbekistan and the United States, aligning with President Donald Trump’s directive to support US nuclear industry competitiveness. Additionally, earlier negotiations with the head of China’s National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) indicate Uzbekistan’s multi-faceted approach to nuclear energy collaboration.
Kazakhstan, rich in uranium resources, is also advancing its nuclear capabilities. The country is planning to construct three nuclear reactors with the help of Rosatom and CNNC. In a recent interview, Almassadam Satkaliyev, head of Kazakhstan’s atomic energy agency, outlined the country’s goal to eventually manage its entire nuclear fuel cycle. He stated, “Our existing capacity and resources form a solid foundation for the launch and development of the national nuclear program.”
Kazakhstan’s strategy includes expanding its educational infrastructure to cultivate a workforce of qualified specialists, necessary for the operation of nuclear facilities. Satkaliyev emphasized the importance of adhering to international obligations regarding peaceful nuclear energy use, while building a robust framework for the domestic nuclear sector.
As both countries pursue their nuclear energy ambitions, their decisions reflect a broader regional trend towards energy independence and diversification. The developments in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan could not only reshape their energy landscapes but also impact international nuclear cooperation and expertise sharing across the region.
