The full Wolf Supermoon on January 3, 2026, is set to be one of the brightest displays of the Moon possible, thanks to a remarkable combination of astronomical events. A supermoon occurs when the full Moon coincides with perigee, the point in its orbit when it is closest to Earth. On this date, the Moon will be approximately 362,312 kilometers (or 225,130 miles) away, enhancing its size and brightness by about 14% and 30%, respectively, compared to its farthest distance.
This January’s Wolf Supermoon will not only shine due to its proximity to Earth but will also benefit from another celestial event. It will occur just hours before perihelion, the point in Earth’s orbit when it is closest to the Sun, placing our planet about 147,099,900 kilometers (or 91,403,640 miles) from the Sun. This positioning can allow more sunlight to reach the Earth-Moon system, providing an additional brightness boost.
Perfect Conditions for Moongazing
For those in the Northern Hemisphere, January 3 could present ideal conditions for viewing the supermoon, assuming clear skies. Cold air typically holds less humidity than warm air, resulting in a more transparent atmosphere. Observers can enjoy this breathtaking sight without any special equipment, simply using their eyes and perhaps a cozy blanket.
The phenomenon of supermoons arises from the elliptical shape of the Moon’s orbit around Earth. Unlike a perfect circle, the Moon’s path results in varying distances. On average, the Moon is about 384,400 kilometers (or 238,855 miles) from Earth, but it reaches perigee approximately 13 times each year. Notably, not every perigee coincides with a full or new Moon, which is why supermoons are less frequent.
Several factors influence the distance at perigee, including the gravitational interactions with the Sun and the long-term dynamics of the Earth-Moon relationship. In contrast, perihelion occurs annually around January 3, enhancing the solar energy reaching Earth and the Moon, and adding to the supermoon’s brightness.
A Rare Celestial Event
January’s full Moon is traditionally known as the Wolf Moon, a name derived from folklore. This year, the Wolf Moon will be particularly special, as it coincides with two other significant celestial events, creating what some might call a “Three Wolf Moon.” This supermoon will be the last until November 24, 2026, prompting sky watchers to seize the opportunity to witness this extraordinary alignment.
As enthusiasm builds for this astronomical spectacle, experts recommend preparing for optimal viewing conditions. Whether you are an amateur astronomer or simply someone looking to enjoy the beauty of the night sky, the Wolf Supermoon on January 3 promises to be a captivating experience for all.
