A recent study from The University of Manchester has brought to light significant issues regarding race and national identity in France. Conducted by Manuela Latchoumaya from the University’s Department of Sociology, the research highlights the experiences of French citizens of Indian descent, who often feel sidelined in a society that tends to overlook their presence. Published in the journal Ethnic and Racial Studies, this groundbreaking work explores the complexities of identity for individuals with roots in former French colonies, particularly those linked to the system of Indian indentured labor in the 19th century.
The study involved interviews with 21 individuals of Indian descent, revealing a powerful narrative of invisibility among those who hold French passports and speak fluent French. Despite their citizenship, many participants expressed feelings of exclusion from what it means to be “truly” French. “It’s not just about being seen as different,” Latchoumaya stated. “It’s about being completely left out of how the French think about who belongs.”
Challenging Stereotypes and Misidentification
The findings indicate that many French individuals of Indian heritage are often misidentified as Black or North African, categories that are commonly used in France but do not accurately reflect their identities. This misclassification contributes to the ongoing marginalization of people with ties to the French Empire. Additionally, participants reported being subjected to outdated stereotypes that depict them as overly traditional or exotic, remnants of colonial-era perceptions.
These experiences often begin in childhood and persist into adulthood, influencing various aspects of life, including education, employment, and healthcare. Many respondents noted that such stereotypes have shaped their interactions with others and their sense of belonging in society.
Rather than remaining silent, a number of participants have begun to reclaim their identities. Some have embraced the term Black as a means of visibility, while also identifying with their South Asian heritage. Others actively challenge the use of derogatory or outdated terms, pushing back against misconceptions. Several individuals also identified the concept of ‘whiteness’—the perception that being white is the default or “normal” in France—as a major part of the problem.
The Legacy of Colonialism
The study underscores the profound influence of colonial history on contemporary ideas about identity in France. It illustrates how the legacy of the French Empire has shaped national discourse, often excluding communities like those of Indian descent from the broader narrative of French identity. This research is particularly relevant as France, along with various countries worldwide, continues to confront its colonial past in the context of increasingly diverse populations.
Importantly, this study represents one of the first comprehensive investigations that center the voices of French citizens of Indian descent, a demographic that has been largely overlooked in academic and public discussions about France’s imperial history. As the nation grapples with its multicultural reality, the insights from Latchoumaya’s research offer valuable perspectives on the ongoing challenges faced by those whose identities are not fully recognized within the framework of French national identity.
