The ongoing conflict in Ukraine, which began with Russia’s annexation of Crimea in 2014, has seen a significant escalation in military actions, most recently highlighted by a drone strike on November 29, 2025. This attack in Kyiv resulted in the deaths of two civilians and injuries to dozens, including children. The situation underscores the pressing need for a comprehensive strategy to counter Russian aggression and maintain Ukraine’s sovereignty.
Understanding the political objectives behind military actions is crucial for formulating effective responses. The primary aim of Russia’s operations is clear: the dismantling of Ukraine as an independent state. This must be the foundation for any strategy focused on preserving Ukraine’s statehood in these challenging times. A rushed peace could lead to devastating consequences, including the loss of independence.
The military landscape in Ukraine has evolved significantly since August 2021, when I took on the role of commander-in-chief of the armed forces. At that time, the military was in the midst of a transformation, gaining valuable combat experience despite facing numerous challenges. The Russian military was rapidly expanding its forces and resources, increasing its budget year after year while investing heavily in its defense industry.
In stark contrast, Ukraine’s military budget was reduced in 2021, leaving the armed forces underprepared for the full-scale invasion that began in early 2022. The general staff estimated that tens of billions of dollars were needed to effectively repel Russian aggression, including funds for replenishing missile and ammunition stocks. Unfortunately, these resources were not available, and soon after, Russian tanks crossed the border.
According to military theorist Alexander Svechin, there are two primary strategies to achieve political objectives: defeat and attrition. The Russian approach aimed for a decisive victory through swift military actions, including an initial assault on the Ukrainian capital. However, this strategy faltered, primarily due to the resilience and bravery of the Ukrainian people. Their heroism has played a pivotal role in preserving the state, even at the cost of significant territorial losses and the lives of many.
In light of these challenges, it is essential for Ukraine to develop a robust and adaptive military strategy. This strategy must not only focus on immediate defense but also consider the long-term implications of the conflict. The goal is to create conditions for a peace that aligns with Ukraine’s sovereignty and territorial integrity.
In summary, the lessons learned from the ongoing conflict highlight the importance of understanding the adversary’s goals and preparing accordingly. As the situation continues to evolve, Ukraine remains committed to defending its independence and ensuring that any peace negotiations reflect its national interests.
