A recent study has highlighted alarming health risks associated with a specific strain of chronic hepatitis B that predominantly affects First Nations people in Australia. Researchers from the Menzies School of Health Research examined the C4 hepatitis B strain among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities, revealing a significant prevalence of severe liver disease among those infected.
The study, led by Jane Davies, who heads the Menzies Hepatitis B program, reported that individuals with this strain face increased risks of liver damage, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. “The concerns we have for those with chronic hepatitis B include the potential for liver damage, which can progress to cirrhosis or liver failure, along with a heightened risk of liver cancer,” Davies explained to the Australian Associated Press.
Through detailed genetic analysis in laboratory settings, the research team observed that the C4 sub-genotype exhibits aggressive characteristics concerning liver-related complications. To validate these findings, the study analyzed clinical data from over 780 individuals across the Northern Territory. The results revealed that approximately 22 percent of participants experienced significant liver damage, with 16 percent diagnosed with cirrhosis, a condition characterized by severe scarring of the liver that can impair its function.
Davies noted that ongoing monitoring has confirmed high rates of liver damage among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people living with this specific sub-genotype. Under current Australian guidelines, only 25 percent of the studied cohort is receiving treatment for hepatitis B. The researchers explored the implications of adopting expanded treatment guidelines recommended by the World Health Organisation for those affected by C4 hepatitis B. According to Davies, if these guidelines were implemented, around half of those not currently receiving treatment would become eligible.
While the discussion around expanding treatment guidelines is complex, Davies advocates for prioritizing liver health in this vulnerable population. “In my view, we should be treating as many individuals as possible where evidence suggests we can lower their risk of progression to liver failure and liver cancer,” she stated.
Determining whether there is sufficient evidence to justify immediate treatment for over 50 percent of affected individuals remains a critical question. “This is definitely a nuanced conversation with both pros and cons,” Davies acknowledged.
The findings from this study contribute to the broader goals of the Hep B PAST program, which aims to eliminate hepatitis B in the Northern Territory. The comprehensive research was published in the journal BMC Infectious Diseases, shedding light on a pressing health issue that requires immediate attention and action.
