Millions of social homes across the UK are increasingly vulnerable to rising temperatures and escalating energy costs, according to new research from The University of Manchester. Published in the journal Energy Policy, the study reveals significant gaps in current housing and climate policies. Despite the growing frequency of heatwaves driven by climate change, the focus on cooling in homes has been largely neglected.
The research is based on insights from 23 housing and construction specialists, highlighting a critical need for urgent policy reform. Without immediate action, residents may face escalating energy bills and heightened health risks, placing additional strain on the National Health Service (NHS) and emergency services during extreme heat events.
Urgent Call for Comprehensive Policy Change
The report identifies shortcomings in long-term funding and policy frameworks, which hinder the development of energy-efficient, climate-resilient homes. Short-term initiatives, such as the Warm Homes Grant, are insufficient for addressing the long-term challenges posed by rising temperatures. Additionally, the research points to a significant skills gap and a lack of guidance regarding climate-resilient designs, particularly concerning cooling solutions.
Claire Brown, a PhD researcher at The University of Manchester’s Tyndall Manchester, emphasized the need for a comprehensive climate-resilience framework. She stated, “The UK is not moving fast enough to protect residents from the impacts of climate change. Our research makes clear that we urgently need a comprehensive climate-resilience framework – one that brings together strategy, regulation, construction practice and smart energy-demand management.”
Brown further highlighted that thermal comfort is a basic human need, stating, “Our social homes must be safe, affordable and resilient. Overheating is already a risk, particularly for vulnerable residents, yet cooling is barely discussed in policy or practice.”
Long-Term Housing Goals at Risk
The UK government has pledged to construct over 1.5 million new homes by 2050, with a commitment to achieving net-zero carbon emissions. Researchers warn that without immediate action, the country risks falling behind its climate targets. Although the introduction of Building Regulations Part O in 2022 marked a step in the right direction, it is insufficient to address the long-term temperature increases anticipated in the UK.
Brown noted, “Housing must be treated as critical infrastructure, just like schools and hospitals, if we are to meet carbon budgets while delivering more than 1.5 million new homes. Without significant systemic change, we risk locking in higher emissions, higher costs and poorer outcomes for the people who rely on social housing most.”
This research underscores the pressing need for a shift in policy focus to ensure that social housing is not only built for the present but is also prepared for the climate challenges of the future.
The full report, titled “Improving energy performance and futureproofing social housing: Professional views and policy directions in the UK,” is available for review in the journal Energy Policy and can be accessed at DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114974.
